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Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that affects your large intestine (colon) and rectum. It causes inflammation and sores (ulcers) in your gut lining, which can lead to uncomfortable symptoms. While there's no cure, the right treatment can help you feel better and keep symptoms under control.

What Causes Ulcerative Colitis?

Doctors aren’t exactly sure what causes UC, but it’s likely due to an overactive immune system. Instead of protecting your body, your immune system mistakenly attacks your colon, causing inflammation. Some things that may play a role include:

Family history: If a close relative has UC, you may be more likely to develop it.
Immune system problems: Your body’s defense system overreacts, leading to inflammation.
Environment & lifestyle: Stress, diet, and certain pollutants might trigger flare-ups.

Common Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

UC symptoms can come and go. Some days you might feel fine, while other days, symptoms flare up. Common signs include:

Diarrhea: It can be frequent and may have blood or mucus.
Abdominal pain and cramping: Inflammation makes your gut hurt.
Urgent need to use the bathroom: You might feel like you need to go suddenly.
Fatigue: Inflammation can make you feel tired all the time.
Weight loss: Your body may not absorb enough nutrients.

How is UC Diagnosed?

If your doctor suspects UC, they may run tests like:

Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy: A small camera looks inside your colon for signs of inflammation.
Blood tests: To check for anemia or inflammation markers.
Stool tests: To rule out infections.
Imaging tests: CT scans or MRIs may help doctors see how much of your colon is affected.

Treatment Options

There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment, but different options can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups.

Medications:

Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs): Reduce inflammation in the colon.
Corticosteroids: Short-term use to calm down severe flare-ups.
Immunomodulators: Help control your immune system.
Biologic therapies: Target proteins in your immune system to lower inflammation.
JAK inhibitors: Oral medications that block inflammation pathways.

Diet and Lifestyle Tips:

Eat a balanced diet and avoid foods that trigger symptoms (like dairy, spicy foods, and high-fiber foods during flare-ups).
Manage stress with exercise, meditation, or therapy.
Drink plenty of water and get enough nutrients.

Surgery: If other treatments don’t work, removing the colon (colectomy) may be necessary.

Clinical Trials in UC

There are currently clinical trials investigating potential treatments for UC, and you can find and contact them here.

Living with Ulcerative Colitis

While UC can be challenging, many people live active, healthy lives by making small adjustments. Keep a symptom diary, work closely with your doctor, and consider joining a support group to connect with others who understand what you’re going through.

Resources

https://www.helsenorge.no/sykdom/mage-og-tarm/ulceros-kolitt/

Understanding Ulcerative Colitis: A Guide for Patients