Clinical Trial to Determine the Effect of a Mouthwash on the Preservation of the Ecology of the Oral Microbiome and Its Compatibility With Health

The microbiota of the human body is essential to life, and plays an essential role in the protection and development of various pathological conditions. There is a symbiotic or mutualistic relationship between humans and their microbiota. However, when the microbiota becomes dysbiotic, it is associated with pathological conditions. In the oral cavity, dysbiosis is responsible for caries and periodontal pathologies, but other associations have been demonstrated or are suspected with distant pathologies (rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease). Mouthwashes are used therapeutically or daily to maintain oral health. The main studies reporting their effects on the ecology of the oral microbiota are for the most part limited to Pasteurian culture techniques (40% of bacteria are not yet cultivable). The advent of new generations of sequencing allows to overcome this limitation and to explore the complexity of bacterial communities, i.e. the symbiosis or dysbiosis of the entire bacterial ecosystem. The control of the oral microbiota to prevent pathologies requires a better knowledge of the oral microbial ecology and will allow the development of new approaches that consider the process of biofilm formation and the disruption of bacterial communication networks. The effects of daily mouthwash must therefore be studied at the level of the entire bacterial community.